Shinto Shrine on Miyajima Island When we talk about differences in cultures, religion is often toward the top of the list. It's often clear where these differences are as well as how influential the dominant religion is. But once we start to talk about Japan, the subject of religion becomes more complicated than it may first appear.
| On the one hand, we see a country nearly covered in shrines and temples. But, at the same time we see a population proclaiming to have no religious affiliations. A survey conducted in 2000 about religion in Japan found that only about 16% of people identify themselves as religious. This is especially strange when we consider that many national holidays are of either Shinto or Buddhist origins. So, what exactly is going on here? |  A survey about religion in Japan taken in 2000. Sample size was around 240 people. Source: japan-guide.com |
It's a Matter of Perspective
I think much of the issue lies in our definition of what religion is. In America (and probably most European countries as well) religion is usually described as
A set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually
involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs.
This sounds appropriate when we talk about Christianity, Judaism and even Hinduism. But the traditional religions of Japan (Shintoism and Buddhism) are so vague it's difficult to even consider them religions by this definition (see Religioustolerance.org or Patheos.com to learn more). In Japan, religion is very intricately linked with it's culture. Almost all the country's festivals and holidays have a basis and either Shinto and or Buddhist religion, including some of the most important holidays like 七五三(shichigosan), coming of age day, and 諸月(Shogatsu aka new year's). These holidays are not only celebrated, but participation is expected. From what I have seen and experienced, people participate in these events because of custom, not religious belief. It would appear then, that religion isn't something to help you get through life. It is instead, simply a part of life.
The Ideals Live on
Japanese people aren't married to religion, as most people from other countries tend to be. In Japanese culture, there is a time and place for everything. So, religious teachings are often selected, modified a/o fused with other teachings to suit the needs of society when most appropriate. This allows much more flexibility and tolerance within Japanese society. This can be seen throughout the nation's history; where Japan has given itself multiple makeovers to keep up with more advanced countries, while still keeping a strong identity. Now, I won't lie and say this is a perfect system. In fact, you could argue that this pragmatism gives too much leeway and has a negative effect on the country's moral code and sense of responsibility (like their "it can't be helped" attitude ), but that's another story.
Today, religion seems to have a large impact on the country's tourism and romanticism by others. Shrines and temples are often promoted as tourist destinations (Like Miyajima; a small island with historic shrines and temples near Hiroshima where I took the above photo). These destinations give visitors the impression that Japan is a very spiritual place.
One can also argue religion heavily influences the nation's general mindset and views. For instance, the focus in Shintoism on purification and rituals can be seen in modern forms in Japan today. Everything in Japan seems to have a guide, and a "right" way to do things. From business culture to table manners; there's even a proper way to drink Japanese tea!
The ideas of harmony and structure promoted in Japanese Buddhism can easily be seen in the daily lives of Japan's citizens. The level of politeness and dedication to maintaining some form of social structure and organization are all done to maintain social harmony. So, while religion may not be as in your face in Japan, its influence none the less, runs deep.
Today, religion seems to have a large impact on the country's tourism and romanticism by others. Shrines and temples are often promoted as tourist destinations (Like Miyajima; a small island with historic shrines and temples near Hiroshima where I took the above photo). These destinations give visitors the impression that Japan is a very spiritual place.
One can also argue religion heavily influences the nation's general mindset and views. For instance, the focus in Shintoism on purification and rituals can be seen in modern forms in Japan today. Everything in Japan seems to have a guide, and a "right" way to do things. From business culture to table manners; there's even a proper way to drink Japanese tea!
The ideas of harmony and structure promoted in Japanese Buddhism can easily be seen in the daily lives of Japan's citizens. The level of politeness and dedication to maintaining some form of social structure and organization are all done to maintain social harmony. So, while religion may not be as in your face in Japan, its influence none the less, runs deep.
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